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Boradulina V.A. - The Substantiation of Optimum Winter Wheat Sowing Dates for the Altai Region’s ob River Area |
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Written by Erkin Turdibaev
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Friday, 24 November 2017 |
The introduction of winter cereal crops as the most productive crops due to their biological peculiarities is a reserve of rational use of agro-resources. Winter crops are rather more effective users of moisture which is a major factor limiting the growth of cereal crops productivity in Siberia. Winter wheat plays a special part among winter cereal crops. The area under winter wheat in the Altai Region has increased tenfold compared to 2007, and 132 000 ha were sown for the harvest of 2016. Winter wheat is not widely grown in Siberia; good yields are obtained in the regions with sufficient and evenly spread snow cover. It is grown successfully in the foothills of the Altai Mountains and Salair Ridge; in these regions the area under the crop reaches 30-50% of wheat sown area (spring wheat + winter wheat). The yield surplus of winter wheat over spring wheat yield in these regions has made up to 50-80% for the last four years. Winter wheat stays in the field for about 310-340 days, and that is why the elements of cultivation technology are of special importance, in particular, the sowing dates. The theoretical substantiation of the optimal sawing dates is based on 300°С of effective heat sum (above 5°C) that the plants should accumulate in autumn. In this case they start overwintering with a well-developed tillering node and have high winter hardiness. The analysis of the temperature regime in the Altai Region’s Ob River area for the last 15 years shows that the optimal winter wheat sowing date is late August early September except for two cases (2008 and 2014). When sown during this period, the plants start overwintering without being overgrown and have 2-4 tillers. The probability of the years with such conditions is quite high and more than 80%.
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