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Ratkovich L.D., Markin V.N., Glazunova I.V., Sokolova S.A. - Factors of Influence of Diffuse Pollution on Water Bodies |
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Written by Erkin Turdibaev
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Tuesday, 31 October 2017 |
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There are investigated factors of diffuse pollution of water bodies. There is given a classification of sources of pollution of water bodies. Factors of pollution of diffusive flows from agricultural lands and a regime of matters washing out from the soil are classified. There is made an analytical survey of the influence of agricultural lands on contamination of water bodies by means of defining cause-and-effect relations. There is given a dependence of water exchange between soil and ground water at the change of the depth of ground water bedding. There are obtained examples of the dependence of the change of water exchange on untouched, irrigated and drained lands. There is analyzed a withdrawal of impurities depending on the type of agricultural usage and productivity. There is proposed a method of assessment of the volume of diffuse flows from agricultural lands. There is shown a scheme of measures on reducing contamination of water bodies by diffuse flows from agricultural lands. There is considered a method of assessment of the efficiency of water protection measures on the basis of comparison of coefficients of maximum pollution. There is presented a block-diagram of usage of a software complex fro calculation of the diffuse pollution from agricultural lands. There are shown results of model experiments relating to the basin of the river Karup in Denmark. The Karup river is a vitally important artery for agricultural regions. In the valley of the Karup river a lot of agricultural lands are located the reclamation of which is fulfilled by a river runoff. Distribution of concentrations of pollutants in the root layer, aeration zone and zone of saturation of the considered part is illustrated. Directions of further investigations are formulated. As instruments for getting an objective picture of the complex pollution including the most complex, diffuse constituent it is recommended to apply compound models such as a software packet MIKE by DHI. Diffusive sources of pollution, agricultural lands, sources of water contamination, non-irrigated, irrigated and drained lands, cultivated crops, productivity, effectiveness of water protection measures, coefficient of contamination, software block diagram, simulation calculations with usage of computer models, river basin, concentration of pollutants, root layer, unsaturated area, area of saturation.
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